Pasaul\u0113 un Eirop\u0101 \u013coti liela uzman\u012bba tiek piev\u0113rsta antimikrobi\u0101l\u0101s rezistences (AMR) jaut\u0101jumam. Starptautisk\u0101s organiz\u0101cijas un ES iest\u0101des atz\u012bst, ka AMR att\u012bst\u012bba rada ne tikai smagas sekas cilv\u0113ka un dz\u012bvnieku vesel\u012bbai un dz\u012bv\u012bbai, bet ir k\u013cuvusi par glob\u0101lu un pieaugo\u0161u draudu sabiedr\u012bbas vesel\u012bbai kopum\u0101. T\u0101d\u0113\u013c nepiecie\u0161ama visu valstu steidzama un koordin\u0113ta r\u012bc\u012bba principa \u201dVienas vesel\u012bbas\u201d ietvaros. Katra ES dal\u012bbvalsts ir aicin\u0101ta ieviest pl\u0101nu r\u012bc\u012bbai pret pieaugo\u0161ajiem draudiem, ko rada AMR.<\/p>\n
Lai valst\u012b nodro\u0161in\u0101tu m\u0113r\u0137tiec\u012bgu un efekt\u012bvu AMR att\u012bst\u012bbas ierobe\u017eo\u0161anu dz\u012bvniekiem, p\u0113c Zemkop\u012bbas ministrijas ierosin\u0101juma ir izstr\u0101d\u0101ts Nacion\u0101lais r\u012bc\u012bbas pl\u0101ns par AMR ierobe\u017eo\u0161anu un antimikrobi\u0101lo l\u012bdzek\u013cu piesardz\u012bgu lieto\u0161anu veterin\u0101rij\u0101[1]<\/a>. Pl\u0101na izpild\u0113 iesaist\u012btas gan valsts iest\u0101des, gan ar dz\u012bvnieku vesel\u012bbu saist\u012btie profesion\u0101\u013ci. Pl\u0101n\u0101 paredz\u0113ti pas\u0101kumi, kas veicin\u0101s antibiotiku piesardz\u012bgu lieto\u0161anu:<\/p>\n – antibiotiku aprites un rezistento mikroorganismu uzraudz\u012bbas un kontroles pas\u0101kumi,<\/p>\n – antibiotiku lieto\u0161anas datu apkopo\u0161ana,<\/p>\n – dz\u012bvnieku infekcijas slim\u012bbu ierobe\u017eo\u0161anas un profilakses pas\u0101kumu pilnveide,<\/p>\n – zin\u0101tniskie p\u0113t\u012bjumi par AMR att\u012bst\u012bbu valst\u012b,<\/p>\n – sabiedr\u012bbas un veterin\u0101ri speci\u0101listu apm\u0101c\u012bba un inform\u0113\u0161ana.<\/p>\n P\u0113d\u0113j\u0101 laik\u0101 pla\u0161sazi\u0146as l\u012bdzek\u013cos ska\u013ci izskan\u0113jusi da\u017e\u0101da inform\u0101cija saist\u012bb\u0101 ar antimikrobi\u0101lo l\u012bdzek\u013cu (antibiotiku) lieto\u0161anu dz\u012bvniekiem. Rodas jaut\u0101jumi par to, k\u0101 at\u0161\u0137irt z\u0101\u013cu atliekvielas dz\u012bvnieku izcelsmes produkcij\u0101 no AMR? Un – pats galvenais – k\u0101da ir veterin\u0101r\u0101rsta un dz\u012bvnieka \u012bpa\u0161nieka atbild\u012bba piesardz\u012bg\u0101 z\u0101\u013cu lieto\u0161an\u0101?<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/strong>Latvija un antibiotikas<\/strong><\/p>\n Pamatojoties uz Eiropas Z\u0101\u013cu a\u0123ent\u016bras statistikas datiem, var konstat\u0113t, ka Latvij\u0101 antibiotikas izplata un lauksaimniec\u012bbas dz\u012bvniekiem lieto iev\u0113rojami piesardz\u012bg\u0101k, nek\u0101 ES vid\u0113ji. Latvija ir starp 20 procentiem Eiropas valstu ar viszem\u0101ko antibiotiku pat\u0113ri\u0146u produkt\u012bvajiem dz\u012bvniekiem (astotaj\u0101 viet\u0101 starp 30 Eiropas valst\u012bm).<\/p>\n Ja run\u0101jam par t\u0101 d\u0113v\u0113taj\u0101m \u201cp\u0113d\u0113j\u0101s izv\u0113les\u201d jeb \u201cp\u0113d\u0113j\u0101s paaudzes\u201d antibiotik\u0101m[2]<\/a> dz\u012bvniekiem – \u0161\u012bs antibiotikas Latvij\u0101 lieto virs vid\u0113j\u0101 ES l\u012bme\u0146a, sal\u012bdzinot ar cit\u0101m ES dal\u012bbvalst\u012bm. \u0160o konkr\u0113to antibiotiku pat\u0113ri\u0146\u0161 ir apm\u0113ram 11 procenti no vis\u0101m m\u016bsu valst\u012b lietotaj\u0101m antibiotik\u0101m dz\u012bvniekiem. Ir j\u0101atz\u012bm\u0113 tendence, ka antibiotiku lieto\u0161anas apm\u0113ri valst\u012b p\u0113d\u0113jo piecu gadu laik\u0101 kopum\u0101 ir samazin\u0101ju\u0161ies par 5 procentiem [3]<\/a>.<\/p>\n Antibiotikas un veterin\u0101r\u0101rsta atbild\u012bba<\/strong><\/p>\n Praktiz\u0113jo\u0161a veterin\u0101r\u0101rsta darb\u012bbas m\u0113r\u0137is ir saglab\u0101t un uzlabot sabiedr\u012bbas un dz\u012bvnieku vesel\u012bbu, un vi\u0146a atbild\u012bba ietver dz\u012bvnieku slim\u012bbu profilaksi un \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anu. Tikai un vien\u012bgi praktiz\u0113jo\u0161s veterin\u0101r\u0101rsts p\u0113c tam, kad ir nov\u0113rt\u0113jis dz\u012bvnieka vesel\u012bbas st\u0101vokli, dr\u012bkst noteikt, vai un k\u0101das antibiotikas j\u0101lieto dz\u012bvniekiem. Turkl\u0101t tie\u0161i veterin\u0101r\u0101rsta pien\u0101kums ir ar\u012b uzraudz\u012bt \u0161o z\u0101\u013cu lieto\u0161anu.<\/p>\n Ne ar vienu uzrakst\u012btu un apstiprin\u0101tu normat\u012bvo aktu nav iesp\u0113jams reglament\u0113t, k\u0101das antibiotikas un cik daudz ir j\u0101lieto dz\u012bvniekiem, jo tas ir veterin\u0101r\u0101rsta profesion\u0101lais l\u0113mums katr\u0101 konkr\u0113taj\u0101 situ\u0101cij\u0101. Praktiz\u0113jo\u0161s veterin\u0101r\u0101rsts se\u0161us gadus augstskol\u0101 apg\u016bst specialit\u0101ti, bet kvalifik\u0101ciju paaugstina visu m\u016b\u017eu, t\u0101d\u0113\u013c sp\u0113j pie\u0146emt atbild\u012bgus un profesion\u0101li pamatotus l\u0113mumus.<\/p>\n Aicin\u0101m praktiz\u0113jo\u0161us veterin\u0101r\u0101rstus antibiotikas dz\u012bvnieku \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anai izv\u0113l\u0113ties saska\u0146\u0101 ar antibiotiku piesardz\u012bgas lieto\u0161anas principiem – l\u0113mumu pamatot ar prec\u012bzu diagnozi, izv\u0113rt\u0113t antibiotiku iesp\u0113jamo rezistences efektu un alternat\u012bvu ilgtermi\u0146a risin\u0101jumu, lai samazin\u0101tu mikroorganismu rezistences pret antibiotik\u0101m att\u012bst\u012bbu. Ja ir iesp\u0113ja, tad j\u0101veic antibiogramma, nosakot slim\u012bbas ierosin\u0101t\u0101ja jut\u012bbu pret konkr\u0113t\u0101m antibiotik\u0101m.<\/p>\n Antibiotikas un dz\u012bvnieka \u012bpa\u0161nieka atbild\u012bba<\/strong><\/p>\n Savuk\u0101rt dz\u012bvnieku \u012bpa\u0161niekam dz\u012bvnieka saslim\u0161anas gad\u012bjum\u0101 ir j\u0101v\u0113r\u0161as pie praktiz\u0113jo\u0161a veterin\u0101r\u0101rsta, prec\u012bzi j\u0101izpilda praktiz\u0113jo\u0161\u0101 veterin\u0101r\u0101rsta nor\u0101d\u012bjumi par z\u0101\u013cu lieto\u0161anu un j\u0101iev\u0113ro praktiz\u0113jo\u0161a veterin\u0101r\u0101rsta noteiktais aizliegums izmantot dz\u012bvnieku izcelsmes p\u0101rtikas produktus, kas ieg\u016bti no dz\u012bvniekiem, kuri \u0101rst\u0113ti ar antibiotik\u0101m. Praktiz\u0113jo\u0161s veterin\u0101r\u0101rsts ir dz\u012bvnieku \u012bpa\u0161nieka lab\u0101kais sabiedrotais, lai saglab\u0101tu veselu un augsti produkt\u012bvu dz\u012bvnieku gan\u0101mpulku, k\u0101 ar\u012b ra\u017eotu dro\u0161u un kvalitat\u012bvu dz\u012bvnieku izcelsmes p\u0101rtiku.<\/p>\n Vienm\u0113r ir j\u0101atceras, ka, nodro\u0161inot dz\u012bvniekiem atbilsto\u0161us tur\u0113\u0161anas un baro\u0161anas apst\u0101k\u013cus, iev\u0113rojot biodro\u0161\u012bbas pras\u012bbas, k\u0101 ar\u012b nepiecie\u0161am\u012bbas gad\u012bjum\u0101 veicot vakcin\u0101ciju, antibiotiku lieto\u0161anu ir iesp\u0113jams samazin\u0101t l\u012bdz minimumam.<\/p>\n Z\u0101\u013cu atliekvielas<\/strong><\/p>\n Jebkuras z\u0101les, ko ievada dz\u012bvniekam, saglab\u0101jas audos noteiktu laika periodu, l\u012bdz izdal\u0101s no dz\u012bvnieka organisma. Ja z\u0101les, piem\u0113ram, antibiotikas, dz\u012bvniekam lieto saska\u0146\u0101 ar lieto\u0161anas instrukciju un iev\u0113ro noteikto z\u0101\u013cu izdal\u012b\u0161an\u0101s periodu, tad p\u0113c \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anas no \u0101rst\u0113t\u0101 dz\u012bvnieka ieg\u016btaj\u0101 pien\u0101, ol\u0101s, ga\u013c\u0101 vai citos produktos z\u0101\u013cu atliekvielu nav, vai to ir tik maz, ka nep\u0101rsniedz zin\u0101tniski noteikto pie\u013caujamo daudzumu. \u0160\u0101di produkti ir dro\u0161i cilv\u0113ka vesel\u012bbai, neraugoties uz to, ka iepriek\u0161 dz\u012bvniekam lietotas z\u0101les. Katru gadu valst\u012b P\u0101rtikas un veterin\u0101rais dienests p\u0101rbauda apm\u0113ram 2000 paraugu uz atliekvielu kl\u0101tb\u016btni, un tikai retos gad\u012bjumos ir konstat\u0113ti p\u0101rk\u0101pumi.<\/p>\n \u00a0<\/u><\/em><\/p>\n Antimikrobi\u0101l\u0101 rezistence (AMR) <\/strong><\/p>\n AMR ir mikroorganismu sp\u0113ja nerea\u0123\u0113t jeb notur\u012bba pret t\u0101d\u0101m antibiotik\u0101m, kas parastos apst\u0101k\u013cos attiec\u012bgo mikroorganismu b\u016btu nogalin\u0101ju\u0161as. Ja ir mikroorganisma rezistence pret k\u0101du no antibiotik\u0101m, tas \u013coti apgr\u016btina gan cilv\u0113ka, gan dz\u012bvnieku \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anu.<\/p>\n AMR veido\u0161an\u0101s <\/strong><\/p>\n Antibiotik\u0101m ir neaizvietojama noz\u012bme cilv\u0113ka un dz\u012bvnieku slim\u012bbu \u0101rst\u0113\u0161an\u0101 un sabiedr\u012bbas vesel\u012bbas nodro\u0161in\u0101\u0161an\u0101. T\u0101s nepiecie\u0161amas, lai \u0101rst\u0113tu \u013coti b\u012bstamas infekcijas slim\u012bbas, piem\u0113ram, tuberkulozi, k\u0101 ar\u012b, lai aptur\u0113tu da\u017e\u0101du slim\u012bbu t\u0101l\u0101ku izplat\u012b\u0161anos.<\/p>\n Diem\u017e\u0113l jebkuru antibiotiku lieto\u0161ana rada mikroorganismu notur\u012bbu pret attiec\u012bgaj\u0101m antibiotik\u0101m – neatkar\u012bgi no t\u0101, antibiotikas lieto cilv\u0113kam vai dz\u012bvniekiem.<\/p>\n AMR veido\u0161an\u0101s risks pieaug, ja antibiotikas lieto:<\/p>\n – nepareizi,<\/p>\n – nespecifisk\u0101 veid\u0101 (piem\u0113ram, k\u0101 z\u0101les masveida \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anai vai pret neuz\u0146\u0113m\u012bgiem mikroorganismiem),<\/p>\n – p\u0101r\u0101k maz\u0101s dev\u0101s,<\/p>\n – atk\u0101rtoti vai neatbilsto\u0161u laika posmu.<\/p>\n AMR att\u012bst\u0101s k\u0101 sekas p\u0113c antibiotiku lieto\u0161anas gan medic\u012bn\u0101, gan veterin\u0101rmedic\u012bn\u0101.<\/p>\n Cilv\u0113ks, dz\u012bvnieks, vide un AMR<\/strong><\/p>\n Rezistentie mikroorganismi var tikt p\u0101rnesti no dz\u012bvniekiem uz cilv\u0113ku ar p\u0101rtiku (nepietiekami apstr\u0101d\u0101tu p\u0101rtiku, savstarp\u0113ji pies\u0101r\u0146otu p\u0101rtiku), ar\u012b no apk\u0101rt\u0113j\u0101s vides (infic\u0113tu augsni, \u016bdeni) un tie\u0161a kontakta ce\u013c\u0101 ar lauksaimniec\u012bbas vai m\u0101jas (istabas) dz\u012bvniekiem. Var notikt ar\u012b pret\u0113ji \u2013 dz\u012bvnieki var ieg\u016bt rezistentos mikroorganismus no bar\u012bbas, no apk\u0101rt\u0113j\u0101s vides, k\u0101 ar\u012b tie\u0161a kontakta ce\u013c\u0101 ar citu cilv\u0113ku vai dz\u012bvnieku.<\/p>\n Rezistences att\u012bst\u012bbas risku mikroorganismos, kas dz\u012bvo apk\u0101rt\u0113j\u0101 vid\u0113 ap mums – \u016bden\u012b, augsn\u0113 – rada gan neizlietot\u0101s antibiotikas, gan jau rezistentie mikroorganismi ar, piem\u0113ram, sadz\u012bves atkritumiem, notek\u016bde\u0146iem, k\u016btsm\u0113sliem. AMR nevaram skat\u012bt k\u0101 tikai lauksaimniec\u012bbas probl\u0113mu, t\u0101 j\u0101skata \u201cVienas vesel\u012bbas\u201d ietvaros – gan cilv\u0113ka, gan dz\u012bvnieku vesel\u012bbas un ar\u012b vides aspekt\u0101. Ikvienam no mums ir j\u0101izturas ar lielu atbild\u012bbu pret antibiotiku lieto\u0161anu.<\/p>\n [1]<\/a> https:\/\/www.zm.gov.lv\/veterinarija\/statiskas-lapas\/antimikrobiala-rezistence?nid=2573#jump<\/em><\/a>)<\/em><\/p>\n [2]<\/a> \u201cp\u0113d\u0113j\u0101s izv\u0113les\u201d jeb \u201cp\u0113d\u0113j\u0101s paaudzes\u201d antibiotikas ir cilv\u0113ka vesel\u012bbai kritiski noz\u012bm\u012bgas antibiotikas (CIA), ko Pasaules Vesel\u012bbas organiz\u0101cija (PVO) ir iek\u013c\u0101vusi \u012bpa\u0161\u0101 CIA sarakst\u0101. Antibiotikas ir atz\u012btas par cilv\u0113ka vesel\u012bbai kritiski noz\u012bm\u012bg\u0101m, jo t\u0101s ir vien\u012bg\u0101s (vai ir pieejama \u013coti ierobe\u017eot\u0101 terapij\u0101), lai \u0101rst\u0113tu cilv\u0113ka dz\u012bv\u012bbu apdraudo\u0161as b\u012bstamas infekcijas slim\u012bbas. Ar \u0161o slim\u012bbu ierosin\u0101tajiem cilv\u0113ks var infic\u0113ties gan no cilv\u0113kiem, gan vides (grunts\u016bde\u0146iem, augsni, dz\u012bvniekiem, p\u0101rtikua u.t.t), savuk\u0101rt slim\u012bbas ierosin\u0101t\u0101js var ieg\u016bt\/infic\u0113ties ar rezistences g\u0113nu no vides mikroorganismiem, pat nenon\u0101kot saskar\u0113 ar attiec\u012bgo antibiotiku. PVO CIA saraksts izveidots k\u0101 inform\u0101cija iest\u0101d\u0113m, \u0101rstiem, veterin\u0101r\u0101rstiem un citiem interesentiem, lai veicin\u0101tu CIA piesardz\u012bgu lieto\u0161anu gan medic\u012bn\u0101, gan veterin\u0101rmedic\u012bn\u0101.<\/p>\n PVO CIA sarakst\u0101 ir izc\u0113lusi augst\u0101k\u0101s priorit\u0101tes CIA, lai saglab\u0101tu \u0161o antibiotiku iedarb\u012bgumu medic\u012bn\u0101. Augst\u0101kas priorit\u0101tes CIA ir vien\u012bgie l\u012bdzek\u013ci \u013coti b\u012bstamu infekcijas slim\u012bbu \u0101rst\u0113\u0161an\u0101, kas var apdraud\u0113t lielu skaitu cilv\u0113ku, bet rezistences d\u0113\u013c ir \u013coti ierobe\u017eotas terapijas iesp\u0113jas, piem\u0113ram, tuberkulozes \u0101rst\u0113\u0161anai. Lai p\u0113c iesp\u0113jas ilg\u0101k saglab\u0101tu \u0161\u0101du antibiotiku iedarb\u012bbu un gl\u0101btu cilv\u0113ka dz\u012bv\u012bbas, veterin\u0101rmedic\u012bn\u0101 CIA b\u016btu j\u0101lieto tikai retos iz\u0146\u0113muma gad\u012bjumos, kad laboratoriskie izmekl\u0113jumi apliecina, ka cita \u0101rst\u0113\u0161ana nav piem\u0113rojama.<\/p>\n Augst\u0101k\u0101s priorit\u0101tes CIA : <\/u><\/p>\n – 3., 4. un 5.paaudzes cefalospor\u012bni<\/p>\n – glikopept\u012bdi<\/p>\n – makrol\u012bdi un ketol\u012bdi<\/p>\n – polimiks\u012bni<\/p>\n – kvinoloni<\/p>\n [3]<\/a> http:\/\/www.ema.europa.eu\/docs\/en_GB\/document_library\/Report\/2017\/10\/WC500236750.pdf)-<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n Antra Bri\u0146\u0137e,<\/strong> Zemkop\u012bbas ministrijas Veterin\u0101r\u0101 un p\u0101rtikas departamenta direktora vietniece<\/p>\n Inform\u0101cijas avots: ZM<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Pasaul\u0113 un Eirop\u0101 \u013coti liela uzman\u012bba tiek piev\u0113rsta antimikrobi\u0101l\u0101s rezistences (AMR) jaut\u0101jumam. Starptautisk\u0101s organiz\u0101cijas un ES iest\u0101des atz\u012bst, ka AMR […Las\u012bt vair\u0101k]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":1269,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1270","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktualitates"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lzf.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1270","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lzf.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lzf.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lzf.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lzf.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=1270"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/lzf.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1270\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1271,"href":"https:\/\/lzf.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1270\/revisions\/1271"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lzf.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/1269"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lzf.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=1270"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lzf.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=1270"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lzf.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=1270"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}