D\u0101rzkopis nerodas no s\u0113klas, sparaude\u0146a, s\u012bpola, guma vai potzara, bet izveidojas pieredzes, vides un dabas apst\u0101k\u013cu ietekm\u0113. Vajadz\u012bgs zin\u0101ms briedums, lai var\u0113tu k\u013c\u016bt par d\u0101rzkopi. \/Karels \u010capeks\/<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gr\u0101mata ir velt\u012bjums Latvijas aug\u013ckopjiem. Gan tiem, kuri aug\u013ckop\u012bb\u0101 visu m\u016b\u017eu str\u0101d\u0101ju\u0161i Latvij\u0101, gan tiem, kuri br\u012bvpr\u0101t\u012bgi vai spiesti aizkl\u012bdu\u0161i uz cit\u0101m zem\u0113m.\u00a0T\u0101 v\u0113sta par d\u0101rzkopjiem, kuri savu atpaz\u012bstam\u012bbu ir ieguvu\u0161i ar smagu darbu, k\u0101 ar\u012b t\u0101diem, kuri par nozares un valsts slaven\u012bb\u0101m k\u013cuvu\u0161i ne tik \u013coti pamatoti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
*Autores M\u0101ras Skr\u012bveles darba dz\u012bves st\u0101sts gan P\u016br\u0113, gan Dobel\u0113 br\u012b\u017eiem pozit\u012bvs, br\u012b\u017eiem negat\u012bvs. Tik atkl\u0101ta vi\u0146a nav bijusi v\u0113l nekad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
*Te ar\u012b l\u012bdz \u0161im noklus\u0113t\u0101, maz\u0101k glaimojo\u0161\u0101 (vai ne tik pat\u012bkam\u0101) v\u0113sture par P\u0113teri Up\u012bti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
*Apl\u016bkoti liel\u0101ki un maz\u0101ki d\u0101rzkop\u012bbas centri Latvij\u0101 un to cilv\u0113ki da\u017e\u0101du laiku lokos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Gr\u0101mata rakst\u012bta popul\u0101rzin\u0101tnisk\u0101 valod\u0101, saprotama ne tikai d\u0101rzkop\u012bbas profesion\u0101\u013ciem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ieskatam gr\u0101matas autores ievadv\u0101rdi<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Latvij\u0101 par aug\u013ckop\u012bbu un t\u0101s zin\u0101tni iepriek\u0161\u0113jos simts gadus praktiski neviens neinteres\u0113j\u0101s un nezin\u0101ja. Nezin\u0101ja, ka aug\u013ckop\u012bba pag\u0101ju\u0161\u0101 gadsimta pirmaj\u0101 pus\u0113 bijusi noz\u012bm\u012bga nozare, kura strauji att\u012bst\u012bj\u0101s. Nezin\u0101ja, jo padomju vara jeb Maskava l\u0113ma, ka Latvij\u0101 j\u0101att\u012bsta tikai lopkop\u012bba, bet graudi p\u0101rtikai, k\u0101 ar\u012b aug\u013ci vai ogas j\u0101audz\u0113 PSRS dienvidu republik\u0101s. Latvie\u0161i, k\u0101 jau d\u0101rzkopju tauta, grib\u0113ja savu d\u0101rzu, t\u0101p\u0113c veidoja mazd\u0101rzi\u0146u kolonijas, bet laukos pie v\u0113l neizn\u012bcin\u0101taj\u0101m m\u0101j\u0101m bija d\u0101rzi, kuri nodro\u0161in\u0101ja liel\u0101ko da\u013cu valsts iepirkumu, apg\u0101d\u0101ja pat Krievijas lielpils\u0113tas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n T\u0101 k\u0101 jau P\u016br\u0113 biju las\u012bjusi neleg\u0101li saglab\u0101to aug\u013ckop\u012bbas pirmskara literat\u016bru, nol\u0113mu, ka man t\u0101 j\u0101apg\u016bst pamat\u012bg\u0101k un par tur atrast\u0101m atzi\u0146\u0101m j\u0101uzraksta pla\u0161\u0101k un vienk\u0101r\u0161\u0101 valod\u0101, lai to las\u012btu p\u0113c iesp\u0113jas vair\u0101k latvie\u0161u, ne citu valstu aug\u013ckopji. Negrib\u0113j\u0101s, ka jaunie aug\u013ckopji iepaz\u012bstas ar citu valstu pieredzi, ar jaun\u0101m tehnolo\u0123ij\u0101m, nezinot m\u016bsu priek\u0161te\u010du zin\u0101\u0161anas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Dobel\u0113 biologu kolekt\u012bv\u0101, kol\u0113\u0123i interesi par aug\u013ckop\u012bbas un t\u0101s zin\u0101tnes v\u0113sturi neizr\u0101d\u012bja. Vien k\u0101das Dobeles organiz\u0113t\u0101s konferences ievadrakst\u0101 2008.gad\u0101 at\u013c\u0101va ielikt \u012bsu apskatu par aug\u013ckop\u012bbas zin\u0101tni. Tas toreiz direktori ieinteres\u0113ja un rezult\u0101t\u0101 2013.gada Latvijas Zin\u0101t\u0146u Akad\u0113mijas kr\u0101jumam viss instit\u016bta kolekt\u012bvs sagatavoja pamat\u012bgu rakstu par aug\u013ckop\u012bbas zin\u0101tnes att\u012bst\u012bbu Latvij\u0101, protams angliski. Nejau\u0161i no direktores uzzin\u0101ju, ka tas k\u013cuvis par visvair\u0101k cit\u0113to rakstu. 2017.gad\u0101 \u0161\u0101dam kr\u0101jumam kop\u0101 ar L.Ikasi un E.Kaufmani sagatavoj\u0101m ar\u012b rakstu par aug\u013ckop\u012bbas un zin\u0101tnes saist\u012bbu Latvij\u0101. K\u0101ds be\u013c\u0123u \u017eurn\u0101ls ar manu v\u0101rdu ar\u012b bija public\u0113jis rakstu par aug\u013ckop\u012bbu Latvij\u0101. Izr\u0101d\u0101s, ka m\u016bsu raksti v\u0113l joproj\u0101m izraisa interesi un vair\u0101k\u0101s Eiropas valst\u012bs ar\u012b s\u0101ku\u0161i interes\u0113ties par nozares v\u0113sturi sav\u0101s valst\u012bs, t\u0101p\u0113c \u0161ogad Eiropas aug\u013ckop\u012bbas kongres\u0101 bijis pat aug\u013ckop\u012bbas v\u0113sturei velt\u012bts simpozijs.<\/p>\n\n\n\n P\u0113c Atmodas jau biju iepazinusi citu valstu pieredzi d\u0101rzu kop\u0161an\u0101 un m\u016bsu jaunst\u0101d\u012btajos d\u0101rzos redz\u0113jusi, kas der un kas neder m\u016bsu apst\u0101k\u013cos. Citas \u0161\u0137irnes, cita augsne, cits reljefs un klimats, t\u0101p\u0113c bie\u017ei noder\u0113tu m\u016bsu sen\u010du pieredze, prasmes, nov\u0113rojumi, bet par tiem zin\u0101\u0161anas nebija apg\u016btas. Sevi\u0161\u0137i tr\u016bka zin\u0101\u0161anu par aug\u013cukoku fiziolo\u0123ijas at\u0161\u0137ir\u012bb\u0101m no laukaugiem. Sapratu, ka man j\u0101raksta p\u0113c iesp\u0113jas visiem saprotam\u0101 valod\u0101, uzsvaru liekot uz t\u0101m priek\u0161te\u010du zin\u0101\u0161an\u0101m, kuras var\u0113tu b\u016bt noder\u012bgas m\u016bsu aug\u013ckopjiem. To atviegloja se\u0161desmit darba gados ieg\u016bt\u0101 pieredze un v\u0113rojumi jaunajos d\u0101rzos. T\u0101 izn\u0101ca gr\u0101mata \u201cEs m\u0101cos aug\u013ckop\u012bbu\u201d da\u017e\u0101dos laikos.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Lasot gan gadsimta pirmaj\u0101 pus\u0113 rakst\u012bto, gan padomju laik\u0101 v\u0113roto, rad\u0101s interese uzzin\u0101t vair\u0101k par tiem aug\u013ckopjiem, kuri rakst\u012bja par pieredzi, kuru ieguvu\u0161i, str\u0101d\u0101jot da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s Latvijas d\u0101rzniec\u012bb\u0101s, k\u0101 ar\u012b Polijas, Krievijas, V\u0101cijas un daudzu citu valstu d\u0101rzos. Daudzi no vi\u0146iem pag\u0101ju\u0161\u0101 gadsimta s\u0101kum\u0101 atbalst\u012bja D\u0101rzkop\u012bbas biedr\u012bbas darbu gan ar rakstiem, lekcij\u0101m kursos, gan ar\u012b finansi\u0101li. Latvie\u0161u d\u0101rznieki ar sav\u0101m zin\u0101\u0161an\u0101m un prasmi bija slaveni cariskaj\u0101 Krievij\u0101. P\u0113c kara, tie kuri bija paliku\u0161i dz\u012bvi, atgriez\u0101s Latvij\u0101, k\u013cuva par instruktoriem vai iekopa savus d\u0101rzus un m\u0101jas, k\u013cuva labi situ\u0113ti, t\u0101p\u0113c daudzus 1941.gad\u0101 izveda uz Sib\u012briju. Otr\u0101 pasaules kara beig\u0101s da\u013ca zin\u0101\u0161an\u0101m bag\u0101to d\u0101rznieki dev\u0101s b\u0113g\u013cu gait\u0101s un nok\u013cuva da\u017e\u0101d\u0101s pasaules valst\u012bs. Par vi\u0146iem padomju laik\u0101 nerun\u0101ja un ar vi\u0146u pieredzi neiepaz\u012bstin\u0101ja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Zin\u0101\u0161an\u0101m bag\u0101ti aug\u013ckopji un zin\u0101tnieki str\u0101d\u0101ja ar\u012b padomju laik\u0101, tikai vi\u0146u zin\u0101\u0161anas un izm\u0113\u0123in\u0101jumos ieg\u016btie rezult\u0101ti interes\u0113ja galvenok\u0101rt mazd\u0101rzniekus un tikai da\u017eus no 26 aug\u013ckop\u012bb\u0101 it k\u0101 specializ\u0113to saimniec\u012bbu d\u0101rzniekus. Daudzus no vi\u0146iem un lielu da\u013cu mazd\u0101rznieku pazinu person\u012bgi. Tie bija akt\u012bvi gan teor\u0113tisku, gan praktisku zin\u0101\u0161anu ieguv\u0113, prata valodas un bija ar filozofisku dom\u0101\u0161anu un dz\u012bves uztveri. Ar vi\u0146iem bija interesanti tikties. Tom\u0113r tikai par da\u017eiem var\u0113ja atrast inform\u0101ciju gr\u0101mat\u0101 par Latvijas d\u0101rzkopjiem. \u012as\u0101kus vai gar\u0101kus agronomu dz\u012bves st\u0101stus, izdevusi LLU, bet aug\u013ckopju starp tiem praktiski nav.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tad man\u0101s rok\u0101s rok\u0101s non\u0101ca lizumie\u0161a, agronoma J\u0101\u0146a Sebra manuskripts rokrakst\u0101. <\/strong>P\u0101rrakstot ma\u0161\u012bnrakst\u0101, konstat\u0113j\u0101m, ka vi\u0146\u0161 rakst\u012bjis par Latvijas d\u0101rzkop\u012bbas v\u0113sturi, k\u0101 ar\u012b paz\u012bstam\u0101kiem d\u0101rzkopjiem. Vienu kopiju atdevu autoram, pa kopijai J\u0101nim K\u0101rkli\u0146am un P.Up\u012b\u0161a muzejam. Lai izdotu gr\u0101matu, b\u016btu bijis v\u0113l daudz j\u0101piestr\u0101d\u0101, ta\u010du diem\u017e\u0113l neatrad\u0101s neviens, kur\u0161 to grib\u0113tu dar\u012bt. Ar\u012b man taj\u0101 laik\u0101 galvenais bija p\u0113t\u012bt \u0161\u0137irnes, \u013boti ceru, ka kaut ko no rakst\u012bt\u0101 izmantoja J\u0101nis K\u0101rkli\u0146\u0161, gatavojot materi\u0101lu par aug\u013ckopjiem. Acu slim\u012bbas d\u0113\u013c vi\u0146\u0161 \u0161o darbu nepabeidza. Tuvojoties vi\u0146a simtgadei, vi\u0146a rakst\u012bto ievad\u012bju dator\u0101, palaboju, papildin\u0101ju, jo laiku gait\u0101 bija radu\u0161\u0101s izmai\u0146as. Lik\u0101s, ka to izdot vajadz\u0113tu vi\u0146a biju\u0161ajai darba vietai Bulduru d\u0101rzkop\u012bbas vidusskolai, kurai K\u0101rkli\u0146a manuskriptu atdevu. Diem\u017e\u0113l vi\u0146i tam l\u012bdzek\u013cus neatrada. Ar J.K\u0101rkli\u0146a d\u0113la at\u013cauju izmantoju t\u0113va rakst\u012btos 45 aug\u013ckopju dz\u012bves st\u0101stus, izdarot nelielus preciz\u0113jumus, atbilsto\u0161i m\u016bsdienu situ\u0101cijai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pal\u012bdz\u0113ja ar\u012b da\u017eu paz\u012bstamu aug\u013ckopju atmi\u0146u st\u0101st\u012bjums par darba gait\u0101m. Sevi\u0161\u0137i pateic\u012bga esmu biju\u0161am kol\u0113\u0123im Ivaram Dimzam, kur\u0161 savus memu\u0101rus steidza uzrakst\u012bt savas dz\u012bves p\u0113d\u0113jos gados. Viens p\u0113c otra m\u016b\u017e\u012bb\u0101 aizg\u0101ja gandr\u012bz visi mani laika biedri zin\u0101tnieki vai d\u0101rzu kop\u0113ji. It k\u0101 man \u013coti paz\u012bstami, bet izr\u0101d\u0101s, ka par vi\u0146u dz\u012bves gait\u0101m zinu \u013coti maz, jo padomju laik\u0101 neviens par t\u0101m negrib\u0113ja run\u0101t. S\u0101kot rakst\u012bt nebiju zin\u0101jusi, cik daudz ir bijis zino\u0161u un interesantu aug\u013ckopju gan Latvij\u0101 gan cit\u0101s valst\u012bs, kuru v\u0101rdus un darbus nedr\u012bkst aizmirst. Ja man neb\u016btu pal\u012bdz\u0113jusi gr\u0101matas l\u012bdzautore Melita Dimza, kura gr\u0101matas sada\u013cai par aug\u013ckopjiem ne tikai Latvij\u0101, bet ar\u012b cit\u0101s valst\u012bs apkopoja inform\u0101ciju no da\u017e\u0101diem avotiem, nepiemin\u0113tu personu b\u016btu daudz vair\u0101k.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Otra gr\u0101matas sada\u013ca ir par manu darba dz\u012bvi P\u016br\u0113, Dobel\u0113, par p\u0113t\u012bjumiem, kurus veicu kop\u0101 ar kol\u0113\u0123iem, par iesaist\u012b\u0161anos komercd\u0101rzu veido\u0161anas procesos, par pirmajiem braucieniem uz citu zemju d\u0101rziem, piedz\u012bvojumiem un secin\u0101jumiem. Un tas viss kop\u0101 ar notikumiem P.Up\u012b\u0161a atst\u0101to d\u017eung\u013cu likvid\u0113\u0161anas procesos, privatiz\u0101cijas m\u0113\u0123in\u0101jumiem un beidzot izm\u0113\u0123in\u0101jumu stacijas nodibin\u0101\u0161anu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Tre\u0161\u0101 noda\u013ca velt\u012bta komercd\u0101rzu att\u012bst\u012bbas gaitai, p\u0113t\u012bjumiem par to kop\u0161anu ne tikai instit\u016bt\u0101, bet ar\u012b jaunajos d\u0101rzos divdesmit gadu laik\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ceturt\u0101 noda\u013ca rakst\u012bta da\u013c\u0113ji ar pa\u0161u komercd\u0101rznieku l\u012bdzdal\u012bbu Da\u017es sav\u0101 pieredz\u0113 dal\u012bj\u0101s labpr\u0101t, cits bija j\u0101pierun\u0101, par da\u017eiem var\u0113ju uzrakst\u012bt pati. Tom\u0113r priek\u0161stats par pan\u0101kumu vai zaud\u0113jumu c\u0113lo\u0146iem rad\u0101s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0136\u012bnie\u0161u filozofs Lao-dzi rakst\u012bja, ka paties\u012bba rodas uzskatu izmai\u0146u proces\u0101. Aug\u013ckop\u012bbu m\u0101c\u012bjos gan padomju laik\u0101, gan p\u0113c Atmodas citu valstu d\u0101rzos. Par laimi biju iepazinusi ar\u012b da\u017eu labu m\u016bsu sen\u010du gudr\u012bbu \u2013 \u0101beci, kas liecin\u0101ja, ka vispirms j\u0101apg\u016bst aug\u013caugu anatomija un fiziolo\u0123ija, ar\u012b augsnes \u012bpatn\u012bbas. Es biju s\u0101kusi m\u0101c\u012bties, neapguvusi \u0101beci. T\u0101p\u0113c nobeigum\u0101 rakstu par to, k\u0101p\u0113c main\u012bju savus uzskatus aug\u013ckop\u012bb\u0101 un aug\u013cu d\u0101rzu kop\u0161an\u0101.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Esmu m\u016b\u017ea nogal\u0113, t\u0101p\u0113c nebaidos izteikt savas cit\u0101das domas par jaut\u0101jumiem, kas skar aug\u013ckop\u012bbu, piem\u0113ram, par \u0161\u0137ir\u0146u uzturo\u0161o selekciju, par zin\u0101tnisko p\u0113t\u012bjumu att\u0101lin\u0101\u0161anos no nozarei aktu\u0101liem p\u0113t\u012bjumiem, nozares att\u012bst\u012bbas virzienu tr\u016bkumu. K\u0101 ar\u012b da\u017ek\u0101rt skart ne\u0113rtus jaut\u0101jumus atsevi\u0161\u0137u personu biogr\u0101fij\u0101s.<\/p>\n\n\n\n L\u012bdzautore Melita Dimza, k\u0101 ar\u012b J\u0101nis Dimza pal\u012bdz\u0113ja vis\u0101 gr\u0101matas tap\u0161anas proces\u0101, gan datu ieguv\u0113 par cilv\u0113kiem, gan teksta redi\u0123\u0113\u0161an\u0101, lai tas k\u013c\u016btu viegl\u0101k saprotams. Bez vi\u0146u pal\u012bdz\u012bbas gr\u0101mata neb\u016btu tapusi. Esmu pateic\u012bga ar\u012b tiem komercd\u0101rzu st\u0101d\u012btajiem, kuri dal\u012bj\u0101s sav\u0101 pieredz\u0113, gan pozit\u012bv\u0101, gan negat\u012bv\u0101. Tas pal\u012bdz\u0113ja analiz\u0113t un konstat\u0113t ar\u012b galvenos c\u0113lo\u0146us k\u013c\u016bd\u0101m un iesp\u0113jamos risin\u0101jumus to nov\u0113r\u0161anai.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gr\u0101matu var\u0113s ieg\u0101d\u0101ties J.Rozes gr\u0101matn\u012bc\u0101s<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" D\u0101rzkopis nerodas no s\u0113klas, sparaude\u0146a, s\u012bpola, guma vai potzara, bet izveidojas pieredzes, vides un dabas apst\u0101k\u013cu ietekm\u0113. Vajadz\u012bgs zin\u0101ms briedums, […Las\u012bt vair\u0101k]<\/a><\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":4952,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-4953","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-aktualitates"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/lzf.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4953","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/lzf.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/lzf.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lzf.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lzf.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=4953"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/lzf.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4953\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4954,"href":"https:\/\/lzf.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4953\/revisions\/4954"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lzf.lv\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/4952"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/lzf.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=4953"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lzf.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=4953"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/lzf.lv\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=4953"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}